IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by recurrent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. It affects the large intestine (colon) and can cause a range of symptoms including cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and constipation.

IBS is a chronic condition that requires long-term management, although symptoms may come and go over time. The exact cause is unknown, but factors that may play a role include muscle contractions in the intestine, nervous system abnormalities, severe infection, and changes in the microbes in the gut. Stress, certain foods, and hormonal changes can trigger or worsen symptoms.

Management 

• Dietary modifications:
  • Follow a low FODMAP diet under the guidance of a dietitian
  • Increase fiber intake gradually to reduce constipation
  • Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
  • Limit caffeine, alcohol, and fatty foods
• Stress management:
  • Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation
  • Engage in regular exercise
  • Consider cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or hypnotherapy
• Probiotics: Some strains of probiotics may help alleviate IBS symptoms, though the evidence is mixed

Prevention 
 While IBS cannot always be prevented, several strategies can help manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups:

• Identify and avoid trigger foods: Keep a food diary to track which foods exacerbate symptoms.
• Eat regular meals: Avoid skipping meals or eating too quickly.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
• Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week.
• Manage stress: Develop effective stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, or regular exercise.
• Get enough sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night.
• Consider fibre supplements: Gradually increase fibre intake to help regulate bowel movements.
• Avoid caffeine and alcohol: These can stimulate the intestines and worsen diarrhoea.
• Quit smoking: Smoking can exacerbate IBS symptoms.
• Practice good restroom habits: Don't ignore the urge to have a bowel movement and allow sufficient time for bathroom visits.
• Consider probiotics: While evidence is mixed, some people find relief with probiotic supplements.