Being diagnosed with cancer  is a life-changing event. Knowing what to expect — from diagnosis to recovery — can empower you and help you take control of your health.

What is cancer ?

You are made up of trillions of cells that over your lifetime normally grow and divide as needed. When cells are abnormal or get old, they usually die. Cancer starts when something goes wrong in this process and your cells keep making new cells and the old or abnormal ones don't die when they should. As the cancer cells grow out of control, they can crowd out normal cells. This makes it hard for your body to work the way it should.

There are over 100 types of cancer. Healthcare providers categorize them according to where they start in your body and the type of tissue they affect. There are three broad cancer classifications:

• Solid cancers: This is the most common type of cancer, making up about 80% to 90% of all cases. This includes carcinoma that forms in epithelial tissue (like your skin, breast, colon and lungs) and sarcoma that forms in bone and connective tissues.

• Blood cancers: These are cancers that start in your blood cells or lymphatic system. Examples include leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

• Mixed: Cancers that involve two classifications or subtypes. Examples include carcinosarcoma and adenosquamous carcinoma.

Cancer, while a formidable challenge in modern healthcare, is increasingly becoming manageable through advanced medical interventions and personalized treatment approaches. At Apollo Cancer Centres, we believe that understanding cancer is the first step toward conquering it. We help patients and their families the various factors that influence cancer development, the treatment process and the importance of early detection.

In the face of the growing global cancer burden, Apollo Cancer Centres stand as beacons of hope, offering advanced, comprehensive care to 3.5 billion people from over 147 countries. Our purpose extends beyond treatment; we're redefining the future of cancer care through innovation, expertise, and an indomitable spirit.

Today, Cancer care has undergone a paradigm shift and is all about comprehensive care, which requires commitment, expertise and an indomitable spirit. It also demands innovation and a fresh way of thinking. We have under one roof, the best minds in Cancer to discuss and deliberate the emerging trends in this field and their impact on clinical practice. They represent decades of experience and expertise in cutting-edge oncology. The Apollo Oncology Team brings together the brightest minds in surgical, medical & radiation oncology, along with a complete range of high-end ancillary experts.

At Apollo, we understand that modern cancer care demands a 360-degree approach. Our pioneering model brings together over 360 oncologists, the brightest minds in the field, across 22 state-of-the-art cancer centres with more than 1000 dedicated beds. At the heart of our approach is a comprehensive Tumour Board that designs personalized treatment plans for each patient, ensuring they benefit from our collective expertise.

Our commitment to excellence is reflected in our impressive track record:

• 200,000+ cancer surgeries performed
• 5,000 radio surgeries completed
• 600,000 radiation sessions conducted
• 2 million chemotherapy treatments administered
• 4,000 cutting-edge robotic surgeries
• 2,500 Bone Marrow Transplant procedures
• Over 1,250 proton therapy sessions delivered
• 100,000 PET-CT scans for precise diagnostics

Apollo Cancer Centres pioneer numerous breakthrough treatments and technologies:

• Proton Therapy : As South Asia's first proton therapy center, we offer this advanced form of radiation treatment that precisely targets cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This technology represents a significant leap forward in radiation oncology, particularly beneficial for treating complex cases and pediatric cancers. Read more 

• Multidisciplinary Approach: Our Multidisciplinary Tumour Board exemplifies our pioneering spirit in collaborative care. This panel unites surgical, medical, and radiation oncology experts, along with genetics and pathology specialists, to form organ-specific Cancer Management Teams. By collaboratively evaluating each case, the Board designs personalized treatment plans that leverage our collective expertise, ensuring comprehensive care and driving superior outcomes. Read more 

• Cutting-Edge Surgical Innovation: We lead in robotic and minimally invasive surgical techniques, offering patients the benefits of smaller incisions, faster recovery times, and better outcomes. Our surgical expertise extends across various cancer types, from complex brain tumors to precision-oriented prostate surgeries.

• CAR T Cell Therapy
  Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a way to get immune cells called T cells (a type of white blood cell) to fight cancer by changing them in the lab so they can find and destroy cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapy is also sometimes talked about as a type of cell-based gene therapy, because it involves altering the genes inside T cells to help them attack the cancer.This type of treatment can be very helpful in treating some types of cancer, even when other treatments are no longer working.

     Read more 

Apollo Cancer Centres' mission extends beyond treatment to encompass:

• Pioneering research in cancer care
• Developing innovative treatment protocols
• Making advanced cancer care accessible to all
• Training the next generation of cancer  specialists
• Promoting early detection and prevention

Our vision is to continue pushing the boundaries of cancer treatment, ensuring that every patient who walks through our doors receives world-class care with compassion and dignity.

Our global cancer care mission extends beyond treating individual patients to reshaping how cancer care is delivered worldwide. We envision a future where advanced cancer treatment is accessible to all who need it, regardless of their geographic location. This vision drives our expansion plans, research initiatives, and commitment to continuous innovation.

Our long-term vision encompasses establishing centers of excellence across the globe, training the next generation of cancer  specialists, and advancing cancer research. We're committed to making advanced therapies more accessible while maintaining the highest standards of care.

Ethical considerations guide every aspect of our practice. Our core values in cancer care emphasize integrity, excellence, and compassion. We believe that ethical treatment goes beyond medical protocols to include transparent communication, informed consent, and respect for patient autonomy. 

We adhere to international protocols while maintaining transparency in our treatment approaches. This commitment has earned us numerous accreditations and recognition as a global leader in cancer care.

Our ethical framework includes:

• Comprehensive patient assessment protocols
• Clear communication about treatment options and outcomes
• Transparent cost discussions
• Support for patients seeking financial assistance

Our commitment to quality encompasses every aspect of patient care. We maintain rigorous quality assurance programs that monitor and evaluate all aspects of treatment delivery. Patient safety initiatives are integrated into our daily operations, with specific protocols for different types of treatments and procedures.

We maintain exceptionally high quality standards through:

• Regular equipment calibration and maintenance
• Continuous staff training and development
• Rigorous treatment planning and verification processes
• Comprehensive quality control measures

Patient-Centered Values

At the heart of our approach lies a deep commitment to patient-centered care. We understand that cancer treatment involves not just medical expertise but also emotional support and guidance. Our team of counselors, nutritionists, and support staff work together to provide comprehensive care that addresses both the physical and emotional aspects of cancer treatment.

Apollo Cancer Centres have received numerous accreditations and awards, reflecting our commitment to excellence:

• First Oncology Hospital in India and First Hospital in Chennai  to be accredited by NABH
• JCI accreditation for Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, making it India's first JCI-accredited cancer hospital
• Recognition as a Center of Excellence by various international bodies
• Multiple awards for innovation in cancer care and patient safety
• Accreditations from international organizations for our bone marrow transplant and stem cell therapy programs

These accolades underscore our dedication to maintaining the highest standards of patient care and medical excellence in oncology.

At Apollo Cancer Centres, we're not just treating cancer; we're pioneering new frontiers in oncology care. Our purpose drives us to constantly innovate, bringing together the best minds, the latest technologies, and a fresh way of thinking to offer hope and healing to millions worldwide. We stand committed to our mission of making cancer conquerable, providing patients with not just treatment, but a comprehensive healing experience that addresses their physical, emotional, and psychological needs.

Cancer Screening & Prevention

At Apollo Cancer Centres, we believe that early detection is a crucial component in the fight against cancer. Our comprehensive cancer screening and prevention programs are designed to identify cancers at their earliest stages, significantly improving treatment outcomes and survival rates.

Importance of Cancer Screening

Cancer screening involves tests and exams to detect cancer before symptoms appear. Early detection can lead to:

• Easier treatment options
• Higher chances of successful treatment
• Reduced risk of advanced disease
• Better outcomes 

Certain cancers can be effectively screened through simple tests, including breast, cervical, colorectal, prostate, lung, skin, and oral cancers. Our screening packages are tailored to meet the needs of various age groups and risk factors.

Apollo Cancer Screening 

Apollo Cancer Centres offer a range of screening packages that are designed to detect potential cancers early on. These screenings include:

1. Breast Cancer Screening

Early detection of breast cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. At Apollo Cancer Centres, we follow comprehensive screening protocols aligned with global best practices. Our breast cancer screening program emphasizes regular monitoring and early intervention.

Mammography guidelines at Apollo follow international standards:

• Annual mammograms recommended for women age 40 and above
• Digital mammography with 3D tomosynthesis for enhanced accuracy
• Additional ultrasound screening for dense breast tissue
• Risk-based screening protocols for high-risk individuals
• Regular clinical breast examinations

We implement global best practices through:

• State-of-the-art digital mammography systems
• Expert radiologist interpretation
• Double-reading protocols for accuracy
• Integration with genetic counseling services
• Comprehensive risk assessment

Post-screening proton therapy, when needed, offers:

• Precise treatment for early-stage breast cancers
• Minimal exposure to surrounding tissues
• Reduced risk of long-term complications
• Better cosmetic outcomes
• Improved quality of life during treatment

Read More

2. Colorectal cancer Screening

Our colorectal cancer screening program focuses on early detection and prevention through regular monitoring and advanced diagnostic techniques.

Colonoscopy recommendations include:

• Regular screening starting at age 45
• High-definition colonoscopy
• Advanced polyp detection techniques
• Regular follow-up protocols
• Risk-based screening intervals

Other  testing options include :

• Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT)
• Stool DNA testing
• Targeted treatment for early-stage cancers

Read More

3. Lung Cancer Screening

Our lung cancer screening program utilizes advanced low-dose CT scanning and comprehensive risk assessment protocols.

Low-dose CT guidelines follow:

• Annual screening for high-risk individuals
• Advanced imaging protocols
• Radiation dose optimization
• Expert radiological interpretation
• Regular follow-up scheduling

High-risk group identification includes:

• Heavy smokers and former smokers
• Individuals with occupational exposure
• Those with family history of lung cancer
• People with chronic lung diseases
• Those facing Environmental risk 

Early-stage proton therapy offers:

• Precise tumor targeting
• Minimal damage to healthy lung tissue
• Reduced treatment side effects
• Better breathing function preservation
• Improved long-term outcomes

Read More

1. Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

Apollo's Comprehensive Hereditary Cancer and Genetic Testing program provides thorough assessment of cancer-related genetic factors. Our program helps identify and manage hereditary cancer risks through advanced genetic testing and counseling.

Common genetic mutations we test for:

• BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, associated with increased risk of breast , ovarian cancers
• Lynch syndrome genes, related to some types of colorectal cancer
• P53 mutations-linked to a rare hereditary disorder leading to multiple cancer types.
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia genes , linked to tumours of the endocrine glands 

Testing criteria include:

• Family history of cancer
• Early-age cancer diagnosis
• Multiple primary cancers
• Rare cancer types
• Specific ethnic backgrounds with higher risk

2. Pharmacogenomics

Our pharmacogenomic testing helps optimize treatment selection and dosing based on individual genetic profiles.

Drug response testing includes:

• Comprehensive genetic analysis
• Medication response prediction
• Drug interaction assessment
• Dosage optimization
• Side effect risk evaluation

Personalized medicine applications:

• Tailored treatment selection
• Individual drug response prediction
• Adverse reaction prevention
• Treatment optimization
• Better patient outcomes

3. Prenatal and Newborn Screening

Apollo's comprehensive screening programs for prenatal and newborn care include advanced genetic testing and risk assessment.

Prenatal genetic testing includes:

• Chromosomal abnormality screening
• Genetic disorder testing
• Cancer predisposition assessment
• Carrier screening
• Genetic counseling services

Our newborn screening features:

• Comprehensive metabolic testing
• Genetic disorder screening
• Early intervention protocols
• Ongoing monitoring
• Family support services

For pediatric cases requiring proton therapy:

• Precise treatment delivery
• Minimal impact on growth and development
• Reduced long-term side effects
• Better quality of life
• Comprehensive care approach

Read More about Genetic Testing

Read More about Our Cancer Screening Packages 

1. CT Scanning

At Apollo Cancer Centres, we leverage cutting-edge CT scanning technology to provide precise, detailed imaging crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Our advanced CT systems deliver exceptional image quality while maintaining the lowest possible radiation exposure, enabling our specialists to detect and characterize tumors with unprecedented accuracy.

The latest CT technologies in our centers incorporate artificial intelligence and advanced reconstruction algorithms, providing clearer images with reduced scanning time. Our multi-slice CT scanners offer comprehensive volumetric imaging, allowing for detailed 3D visualization of tumors and surrounding structures.

Advanced technological features include:

• 64 SLICE-PET CT scan systems for detailed anatomical imaging
• Dual-energy CT capabilities for enhanced tissue characterization
• 4D CT scanning for motion tracking during treatment planning
• Real-time image reconstruction for immediate review
• Advanced post-processing capabilities for detailed analysis

Our commitment to radiation safety is paramount. We implement comprehensive dose reduction strategies:

• Iterative reconstruction techniques for lower radiation exposure
• Automated exposure control systems that automatically adjust radiation doses based on patient size, organ sensitivity .
• Pediatric-specific protocols with reduced radiation doses
• Regular quality assurance and dose monitoring
• Advanced beam collimation and filtering. Collimation is the narrowing of the radiation beam to minimize exposure to surrounding healthy tissues .

Read More

2. MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Apollo Cancer Centres represents the pinnacle of soft-tissue imaging technology. Our high-field MRI systems provide exceptional detail for tumor detection, characterization, and treatment planning. The advanced software and hardware combinations allow for specialized imaging sequences that can reveal not just the structure but also the function of tissues affected by cancer.

Our advanced MRI techniques incorporate:

• 3T high-field strength magnets for superior image quality
• Advanced cardiac gating for motion-free imaging especially for areas in the chest
• Spectroscopy capabilities for metabolic assessment and biochemical changes in tissues , valuable for understanding cancer metabolism.
• Multiparametric imaging protocols that combine multiple imaging sequences to assess tumour structure , function and vascularity.
• Advanced diffusion and perfusion imaging that analyse movement of water molecules and blood flow in tissues to evaluate tumour characteristics .

Functional MRI applications have revolutionized our approach to treatment planning:

• Real-time tumor response monitoring, assessing how tumours respond to therapy.
• Precise surgical navigation guidance
• Detailed brain mapping of functional areas of the brain for neurosurgical planning
• Blood flow and tissue perfusion assessment
• Advanced connectivity studies for brain tumors, assessing the neuronal connections and pathways affected by brain tumours.

Read More
 

3. PET-CT

At Apollo Cancer Centres, the state-of-the-art PET-CT facility combines the precision of molecular imaging with detailed anatomical information, enabling unprecedented accuracy in cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring.

Our advanced PET-CT systems feature the latest generation scanners with enhanced capabilities:

• Digital PET-CT technology offering superior image quality
• Time-of-flight imaging for improved  detection
• Advanced motion correction for precise imaging
• Reduced radiation exposure protocols
• Faster scanning times for patient comfort

Read More

4. Specialized Nuclear Medicine Services

MIBG Scans for Neuroendocrine Tumors:

• High-sensitivity detection of neuroendocrine tumors
• Whole-body imaging capability
• Precise tumor localization
• Treatment response assessment
• Staging and restaging capabilities

Comprehensive Bone Scanning: 

Our bone scanning services utilize advanced technology for:

• Early detection of bone metastases
• Whole-body skeletal assessment
• Treatment response monitoring
• Fracture risk evaluation
• Pain source identification

Dynamic Function Studies:  These provide detailed functional insights into various organs and tissues.

Advanced protocols for:

• Organ function assessment-evaluates performance of vital organs
• Blood flow analysis-assesses vascular function of tumours
• Metabolic activity measurement of tumours
• Disease progression monitoring
• Treatment effectiveness evaluation

Additional Capabilities:

• Radio-guided surgical planning using the latest tracking systems
• Sophisticated therapy response monitoring protocols
• Advanced sentinel node mapping techniques-that determine the first lymph nose or nodes where cancer cells are likely to spread from a primary tumour.
• Specialized pediatric imaging protocols with reduced radiation exposure
• Quantitative analysis tools for precise measurement

1. Fine Needle Aspiration

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) at Apollo Cancer Centres represents a minimally invasive diagnostic technique that provides accurate cell samples for cancer diagnosis. Our expert pathologists and interventional radiologists use state-of-the-art guidance systems to ensure precise sampling while maximizing patient comfort and safety.

The procedure involves using ultra-fine needles guided by real-time imaging, allowing our specialists to access even deep-seated lesions with minimal discomfort. This technique is particularly valuable for examining suspicious lumps in the breast, thyroid, lymph nodes, and other soft tissues.

Advanced FNA techniques utilized at our centers include:

• High-resolution ultrasound-guided procedures
• CT-guided sampling for deep-seated lesions
• Advanced needle technology for optimal sample collection
• Multiple site sampling capabilities
• Real-time visualization during procedures

Our rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) service enhances diagnostic accuracy:

• Immediate assessment of sample adequacy
• Preliminary diagnosis within minutes
• Reduced need for repeat procedures
• Enhanced diagnostic precision
• Streamlined patient care pathways

Read More 

2. Core Needle Biopsy

Core Needle Biopsy procedures at Apollo Cancer Centres are used to collect larger tissue samples than FNA, allowing for more detailed histological and molecular analysis. Our advanced image-guidance systems ensure precise targeting of suspicious areas while maintaining patient safety and comfort.

This technique is particularly valuable for obtaining comprehensive tissue samples that can undergo extensive genetic and molecular testing, crucial for personalized treatment planning. The larger tissue samples enable detailed analysis of tumor architecture and molecular characteristics.

Image-guided core biopsies feature:

• Advanced 3D stereotactic guidance systems
• Real-time ultrasound visualization
• CT-fluoroscopy guided procedures
• MRI-guided sampling for specific cases
• Vacuum-assisted devices for enhanced sampling

Molecular testing capabilities include:

• Comprehensive genomic profiling
• Biomarker analysis for targeted therapies
• Mutation status determination
• Treatment response prediction
• Clinical trial eligibility assessment

3. Surgical Biopsy

Surgical biopsy at Apollo Cancer Centres combines traditional surgical expertise with cutting-edge minimally invasive techniques. Our state-of-the-art operating facilities enable precise tissue sampling while minimizing patient recovery time and potential complications.

When larger tissue samples are required or when previous biopsy results are inconclusive, our surgical team employs advanced techniques to obtain optimal tissue samples while ensuring patient safety and comfort.

Advanced minimally invasive techniques include:

• Robotic-assisted surgical procedures
• Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)
• Endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling
• Laparoscopic approaches
• Image-guided surgical navigation

During the surgery , tissue samples are assessed using the following approaches:

• Real-time frozen section analysis- a rapid method to analyse tissue samples during surgery to determine if cancer is present , guiding immediate operative decisions .
• Digital pathology integration-uses digital imaging technology to enhance accuracy and speed
• Margin assessment – analyses surgical margins to ensure complete cancer removal.
• Advanced tissue preservation methods maintain the integrity of the tissue samples for potential future reference.

1. Blood-based Biomarkers

Blood-based biomarker analysis at Apollo Cancer Centres represents the frontier of non-invasive cancer diagnostics. Our advanced laboratories utilize cutting-edge technology to detect and analyze various cancer-related markers in blood samples, enabling early detection, monitoring, and treatment response assessment.

The integration of liquid biopsy technology has revolutionized our approach to cancer diagnosis and monitoring. This non-invasive technique allows for real-time monitoring of cancer progression and treatment response through simple blood draws.

Emerging blood biomarker capabilities include:

• Advanced circulating tumor cell detection-identifies and analyses cancer cells that circulate in the bloodstream aiding early detection.
• Novel protein marker analysis-detects specific proteins associated with cancer
• Real-time genetic mutation monitoring-tracks genetic mutations in cancer cells over time to monitor disease evolution and adapt therapy.
• Immune response assessment-evaluates how the immune system responds to cancer treatment
• Metabolic profiling capabilities-analyses metabolic changes in cancer cells which can offer clues about tumour behaviour and response .

Liquid biopsy innovations feature:

• Circulating tumor DNA analysis-detects fragments of DNA shed by cancer cells into the bloodstream.
• Advanced molecular characterization-provides deep understanding of genetic and molecular features of cancer
• Resistance mechanism detection-identifies mechanisms by which cancer calls become resistant to therapies , guiding choice of alternate treatments .
• Early recurrence identification

2. Genomic Profiling

Genomic profiling at Apollo Cancer Centres represents the cornerstone of precision oncology. Our comprehensive genomic analysis services utilize next-generation sequencing and advanced bioinformatics to provide detailed insights into each patient's cancer genetics, enabling truly personalized treatment approaches.

This sophisticated analysis helps identify specific genetic alterations driving cancer growth, allowing our oncologists to select the most effective targeted therapies and immunotherapy options for each patient.

Our comprehensive genomic profiling includes:

• Whole genome sequencing capabilities-analyses the complete DNA sequence of a tumour to identify mutations and genetic drivers of the cancer.
• Targeted gene panel analysis-Focuses on specific cancer related genes to detect actionable mutations.
• RNA sequencing and expression profiling- studies gene expression patterns to understand tumour behaviour and identify biomarkers for therapy.
• Epigenetic modification assessment-examines changes in gene activity caused by epigenetic factors , which are mechamisms that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself.
• Tumor mutational burden analysis-measures the total number of mutations in a tumour which can help predict response to immunotherapy.

Integration with treatment planning enables:

• Personalized therapy selection-matches treatments to patients’ specific genetic profile
• Clinical trial matching-identifies eligible patients for experimental therapies .
• Drug resistance prediction-detects mutations that may lead to resistance , allowing for alternate therapy planning.
• Treatment response monitoring-tracks how effectively treatment is working.
• Proton therapy optimization strategies Tailors radiation treatment to target cancer cells more effectively.

3. Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) at Apollo Cancer Centres provides crucial information about tumor characteristics and behavior through advanced tissue analysis. Our sophisticated IHC laboratory utilizes state-of-the-art automated systems and an extensive panel of antibodies to precisely characterize various tumor types.

This detailed analysis helps determine tumor origin, predict treatment response, and guide therapy selection. Our advanced digital pathology integration enables precise quantification and interpretation of IHC results.

Comprehensive IHC marker panels include:

• Tumor-specific markers for accurate classification-helps identify the type and origin of the tumour for precise diagnosis and classification
• Hormone receptor status assessment-detects receptors like estrogen and progesterone , critical in hormone responsive tumours like breast cancers .
• Proliferation and cell cycle markers-evaluates markers like Ki-67 which indicate how rapidly cancer cells are dividing .
• Immune checkpoint expression analysis-assesses proteins like PD-L1 which are targets for immunotherapy and determines likelihood of success with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Differentiation markers-identifies degree of differentiation or maturity of cancer cells to better understand tumour behaviour.

The IHC panels offer critical insights to predict treatment outcomes .  They are useful for :

• Treatment response prediction
• Survival outcome assessment
• Recurrence risk stratification
• Therapy selection guidance
• Patient risk stratification

Read More

Medical oncology at Apollo Cancer Centres represents the forefront of cancer treatment, combining traditional therapies with cutting-edge personalized approaches. Our comprehensive program integrates multiple treatment modalities to provide optimal care for each patient.
 

Personalized Chemotherapy

In a revolutionary departure from conventional chemotherapy protocols, Apollo Cancer Centres has pioneered a personalized approach to chemotherapy treatment. This sophisticated method considers each patient's unique genetic makeup, tumor characteristics, and overall health status to design truly individualized treatment plans.

The personalization process encompasses several key elements:

Comprehensive Diagnostic Assessment:

• Advanced molecular testing of tumor samples- involves high tech analysis of tumor DNA ,RNA and proteins to uncover specific molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth .
• Detailed genetic profiling-identifies genetic mutations that guide targeted therapy selection and predict treatment responses .
• Blood-based biomarker analysis-Uses non invasive blood tests to detect markers such as circulating tumor cells or tumor DNA fragments for diagnosis and monitoring.
• Response prediction modeling-employs computational models and clinical data to predict how a patient’s tumour will respond to therapy.
• Regular monitoring and adaptation-evaluates treatment effectiveness and adapts strategies based on real time data for optimal outcomes.
   

Our personalized approach delivers significant benefits:

• Enhanced treatment effectiveness through targeted therapy
• Minimal  side effects due to precise drug selection
• Improved quality of life during treatment
• Better overall survival rates
• Reduced risk of treatment resistance

Molecular Profiling

Molecular profiling represents a cornerstone of our precision oncology program. This sophisticated diagnostic approach provides detailed insights into the molecular characteristics of each patient's cancer, enabling highly targeted treatment strategies.

The molecular profiling process involves:

Advanced Analysis Techniques:

• Comprehensive tumor tissue examination to identify protein expression and other molecular markers.
• Sophisticated blood-based biomarker testing-uses non invasive tests to detect circulating tumour DNA , RNA or other proteins in blood.
• State-of-the-art molecular biology techniques
• Advanced bioinformatics analysis-uses computational tools to process and interpret complex genetic and molecular data .
• Regular monitoring and updates-tracks molecular changes in the tumor over time to adapt treatment strategies .

This detailed profiling enables:

• Identification of specific cancer drivers
• Precise prediction of treatment responses
• Optimal therapy selection
• Real-time treatment monitoring
• Dynamic plan adjustment

Genetic Profiling

Our genetic profiling program provides crucial insights into the genetic foundations of each patient's cancer, enabling highly targeted therapeutic approaches.

Comprehensive Genetic Services: 

Our program includes:

• Detailed mutation analysis across key cancer genes
• Comprehensive drug response prediction
• Inherited cancer risk assessment
• Family history evaluation
• Long-term risk management planning

Particularly effective for cancer types such as :

• Complex lung cancers to decide on targeted therapy options
• Advanced colorectal cancers to decide on targeted or immunotherapy options
• Hormone receptors and HER2 status assessment in Breast cancers to guide therapy choices
• Challenging lymphomas
• Treatment-resistant leukemias
• Complex head and neck cancers

Chemotherapy Delivery

Understanding the challenges of chemotherapy treatment, we've developed specialized care environments that prioritise both patient comfort and treatment effectiveness.

Advanced Treatment Facilities:

• Purpose-built chemotherapy units
• State-of-the-art infection control
• Comfortable treatment areas
• Expert nursing care
• Continuous monitoring

Support Services:

• Dedicated patient counseling
• Nutritional support
• Side effect management
• Regular progress assessment
• Family support services

Our chemotherapy delivery system incorporates:

• Pre-treatment assessment and preparation
• Customized drug selection and dosing
• Advanced administration protocols
• Regular monitoring and adjustment
• Comprehensive follow-up care

Apollo Cancer Centres' Radiation Oncology program represents the cutting edge of cancer treatment technology. Our comprehensive suite of radiation therapy options allows us to provide precisely targeted treatments while maximizing healthy tissue preservation.

Key advantages include:

• Precise tumor targeting
• Minimal damage to healthy tissue
• Reduced side effects
• Better quality of life during treatment
• Improved outcomes for complex cases

All the advanced radiation therapy systems at Apollo Cancer Centres are supported by:

• Expert radiation oncology teams
• Specialized medical physicists
• Dedicated therapy technologists
• Comprehensive quality assurance programs
• Regular system upgrades and maintenance

The comprehensive suite of radiation therapy technologies enables us to provide personalized treatment approaches for each patient, ensuring optimal outcomes while minimizing side effects and maintaining quality of life during treatment.

Advanced Radiation Technologies

Proton Therapy

As South Asia's pioneer in proton therapy, Apollo offers this sophisticated form of radiation treatment that represents the pinnacle of precision in cancer care. Proton therapy uses high-energy proton beams to target tumors with unprecedented accuracy.

Key Technological Features:

• Pencil beam scanning technology- a highly precise method to deliver radiation, minimizing exposure to healthy tissues
• Advanced treatment planning systems-sophisticated software that designs personalised radiation treatment plans based on tumor size, shape and location
• Real-time imaging guidance-Ensures radiation is accurately delivered by continuously monitoring tumor movement during treatment .
• Adaptive therapy capabilities-adjusts treatment plan dynamically to account for changes for changes in tumor position or size.
• Comprehensive motion management-Handles tumor movement caused by breathing or pther body functions to maintain accuracy .

Distinctive advantages include:

• Superior dose distribution with Bragg’s  peak utilization [delivers maximum radiation dose precisely to the tumor]
• Significant reduction in radiation to healthy tissues
• Particularly beneficial for pediatric cases
• Optimal for treating complex tumor locations
• Enhanced quality of life during and after treatment

Read More about Proton Therapy 

TrueBeam STx with Velocity

The TrueBeam STx with Velocity represents a revolutionary advancement in radiation therapy technology, engineered to deliver powerful cancer treatments with unprecedented speed and precision. This sophisticated system combines advanced imaging, beam delivery, and motion management capabilities to effectively target tumors while protecting surrounding healthy tissues.The system's high-precision beam delivery capability makes it particularly effective for treating complex and challenging cancers of the brain, spine, lung, liver, and prostate. Using intelligent automation and control systems, it can synchronize imaging, patient positioning, motion management, and treatment delivery with extraordinary precision.

Key features include:

• High-precision beam delivery
• Advanced imaging integration
• Sophisticated motion management
• Real-time tracking capabilities
• Rapid treatment delivery

Particularly effective for treating:

• Brain tumors
• Spinal tumors
• Lung cancer
• Liver cancer
• Prostate cancer

Key Technological Features:

• Volumetric RapidArc® technology for faster treatments
• High-definition beam shaping for precise dose delivery
• Advanced motion management system for moving targets
• Real-time imaging during treatment delivery
• Integrated patient positioning system

Clinical Benefits:

• Treatment times reduced to minutes instead of hours
• Enhanced protection of healthy tissues
• Higher dose delivery accuracy
• Improved patient comfort during treatment
• Better clinical outcomes for complex cases

Read More about TrueBeam STx with Velocity 

Novalis Tx

Novalis Tx represents the pinnacle of radiation oncology technology, offering hope to patients with conditions once considered untreatable. This advanced system combines a powerful linear accelerator with sophisticated image guidance and motion management tools, enabling precise treatment delivery from virtually any angle around the patient.

The system's advanced imaging capabilities provide clinicians with detailed real-time information about tumor shape, size, and position, ensuring accurate patient setup and treatment delivery. The integration of multiple technologies allows for highly precise stereotactic radiosurgery and radiation therapy.

Advanced Features:

• ExacTrac® X-ray monitoring system
• 6D robotic couch for precise patient positioning
• HD120™ MLC for precise beam shaping
• Integrated imaging solutions
• Advanced treatment planning capabilities

Treatment Applications:

• Complex brain and spine tumors
• Moving tumors in the lung and liver
• Small targets near critical structures
• Previously inoperable tumors
• Multiple metastases treatment

Read More about Novalis Tx 

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

SRS delivers precise, high-dose radiation for specific conditions such as tumors in the brain. SRS is a non surgical procedure that delivers a high dose radiation to a specific target with extreme precision. Advanced imaging techniques like MRI, CT or PET are used to create a detailed 3D map of the target area . The patient is fitted with a head frame or immobilization device to ensure no movement of the target .High dose radiation is then delivered from multiple angles.

Technical capabilities:

• Precise target localization
• High-dose delivery
• Real-time imaging
• Motion management
• Multiple delivery systems

Optimal for treating:

• Brain tumors
• Spine tumors
• Functional disorders
• Vascular malformations
• Selected metastases
• Can also be used to treat tumors of the lungs, liver, pancreas or prostate .

Technologies Used in SRS

1. Gamma Knife:

 A specialized machine designed exclusively for brain and head treatments.

2. CyberKnife:

A robotic system that allows for precise targeting of tumors anywhere in the body, including moving targets like the lungs.

3. Linear Accelerator (LINAC):

Uses advanced imaging and radiation delivery to treat tumors in the brain and body.

Read More about Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) 

CyberKnife Technology

CyberKnife represents a groundbreaking approach to radiosurgery, combining robotics with advanced imaging and treatment delivery. This unique system uses a lightweight linear accelerator mounted on a highly articulated robotic arm, enabling treatment delivery from potentially thousands of angles with sub-millimeter accuracy.

The system's advanced tracking capabilities allow for real-time tumor tracking and beam adjustment, making it particularly effective for treating moving tumors without the need for traditional immobilization devices. This technology has revolutionized the treatment of inoperable tumors and complex cases.

System Capabilities:

• Robotic arm delivery with 6 degrees of freedom- the arm can move in 6 directions allowing precise delivery of radiation from multiple angles .
• Real-time tumor tracking with sub-millimeter accuracy-tracks the tumor’s movement during treatment and adjusts the radiation beam in real time to ensure accuracy.
• Synchrony® Respiratory Tracking-specifically designed to manage tumor motion caused by breathing .
• Advanced treatment planning software-customises treatment plans for each patient based on size,location and movement patterns .
• Multi-modality imaging integration-combines imaging data from multiple sources [ex-CT ,MRI] for precise tumor visualization and planning.

Clinical Applications:

• Intracranial tumors and lesions
• Spine tumors
• Early-stage lung cancers
• Selected liver tumors
• Complex prostate cases

Unique Advantages:

• Treatment of previously inoperable tumors
• Comfort during treatment delivery
• Fewer treatment sessions required
• Minimal recovery time
• Excellent clinical outcomes

Read More about CyberKnife Technology 

Tomotherapy

Tomotherapy at Apollo combines the precision of IMRT [Intensity modulated Radiotherapy ] with the accuracy of CT imaging, offering unique advantages in treatment delivery. This innovative system delivers radiation therapy slice by slice, similar to how a CT scanner operates, allowing for highly precise and uniform dose delivery to complex tumor shapes while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues.

The system performs a CT scan before each treatment, ensuring precise patient positioning and enabling adaptive planning based on daily anatomical changes. This daily imaging capability, combined with dynamic delivery, provides unprecedented accuracy in treatment delivery.

Clinical Benefits:

• Superior dose conformity
• Reduced side effects
• Treatment adaptation capabilities
• Improved outcomes for complex cases
• Enhanced patient comfort

Advanced Features:

• Helical treatment delivery- delivers radiation in a helical or spiral pattern, allowing for highly precise treatment .
• Built in  CT imaging for precise positioning and alignment before each treatment session.
• Adaptive planning capabilities- can adjust treatment plans dynamically based on changes in tumor size and patient anatomy during the course of treatment .
• TomoHelical™ [ which delivers radiation ina continuous spiral pattern for highly conformal treatment of complex tumor shapes] and TomoDirect™ [delivers radiation in fixed linear beam paths ] delivery options.
• Advanced dose calculation algorithms
• Dynamic jaw technology-improves delivery of the dose shaping radiation beam to the contours of the tumour.
• Advanced dose calculation algorithms

Benefits include:

• Seamless treatment of multiple targets
• Superior dose conformity and precision
• Reduced side effects
• Improved treatment outcomes
• Enhanced patient comfort

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Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)

Our 3D-CRT technology provides precise radiation delivery through advanced imaging and planning:

Key components:

• CT-based treatment planning where a detailed 3D map of the tumor and surrounding structures
• Multi-angle beam delivery
• Shape-optimized radiation fields-shaped to match the contour of the tumour
• Protection of vital organs reducing long term complications
• Adaptive planning capabilities- can adjust treatment plans dynamically based on changes in tumor size and patient anatomy during the course of treatment .

Benefits include:

• Improved tumor targeting
• Reduced side effects
• Better tissue preservation
• Enhanced treatment outcomes
• Shorter treatment times

Read More about Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) 

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

IMRT represents an advanced form of 3D-CRT [3D Conformal Radiation therapy ] offering even greater precision in radiation delivery:

Advanced capabilities:

• Variable radiation intensity so that higher doses are delivered to specific areas of the tumor
• Precise dose modulation adjusted to match tumor contours
• Complex tumor targeting-effective for treating tumors with irregular shapes or those that are located near critical structures.
• Critical structure sparing-protects nearby organs and tissues from excessive radiation.
• Adaptive planning- Adaptive planning capabilities- can adjust treatment plans dynamically based on changes in tumor size and patient anatomy during the course of treatment .

Clinical advantages:

• Higher doses to tumors
• Minimal exposure to healthy tissue
• Reduced side effects
• Better quality of life
• Improved cure rates

Read More about Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) 

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)

IGRT combines advanced imaging with precise radiation delivery:

Technology features:

• Real-time imaging
• Daily position verification
• Adaptive planning
• Motion management
• Treatment optimization

Benefits include:

• Enhanced accuracy
• Reduced margins
• Better tumor control
• Fewer side effects
• Improved outcomes

Key Differences in Use of IMRT and IGRT 

IMRT focuses on shaping and controlling the radiation dose for maximum effectiveness and safety.IGRT focuses on guiding the delivery of radiation in real-time, ensuring that the radiation is accurately directed at the tumor.

IMRT and IGRT often work together in modern cancer treatment. IGRT ensures that the radiation beams from IMRT are accurately delivered to the tumor, making the combination a powerful tool for treating complex and hard-to-reach cancers with minimal side effects.
 

Read More about Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) 

High Dose Rate Brachytherapy (HDR)

Brachytherapy is a form of internal radiation therapy where a radiation source is placed directly inside or near the tumor. It allows for precise delivery of radiation to cancer cells while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.

How Brachytherapy Works

1. Radiation Source Placement:

• A radioactive material (e.g., seeds, wires, or pellets) is inserted into or near the tumor using applicators, catheters, or needles.

• Placement is guided by imaging techniques like CT, MRI, or ultrasound for accuracy.

2. Localized Treatment:

• The radiation affects the tumor while sparing nearby healthy tissues and organs.

3. Radiation Decay:

• The radioactive material releases high-dose radiation over a controlled period, targeting cancer cells and minimizing side effects.
 

Brachytherapy is commonly used for:

• Gynecological Cancers: Cervical, uterine, and vaginal cancers.

• Prostate Cancer: Effective for localized tumors.

• Breast Cancer: Used in partial breast irradiation.

• Skin Cancer: For superficial lesions.

• Head and Neck Cancers: Including oral cavity and nasopharyngeal cancers.

• Lung Cancer: In cases where external radiation is not suitable.

Benefits of Brachytherapy

1. Precision:

• Delivers radiation directly to the tumor with minimal impact on nearby healthy tissues.

2. Reduced Side Effects:

• Lower risk of damage to surrounding organs compared to external beam radiation therapy.

3. Shorter Treatment Time:

• Some treatments are completed in one or a few sessions.

4. Outpatient Procedure:

• Many forms of brachytherapy are performed on an outpatient basis, allowing quicker recovery.

5. Effective for Localized Tumors:

• Offers high success rates for treating tumors that have not spread.

Read More about High Dose Rate Brachytherapy (HDR) 

Radionuclide Therapy (RNT)

RNT  is a type of targeted internal radiation therapy where radioactive substances known as Radionuclides .  Radionuclides are bound to molecules like antibodies, peptides or proteins that can locate and bind to specific receptors on cancer cells .

Treatment delivery is done through:

• Intravenous administration
• Direct tumor targeting
• Systemic therapy
• Local applications
• Combination approaches

Particularly effective for:

• Thyroid cancer
• Neuroendocrine tumors
• Prostate cancer
• Liver cancer
• Selected metastases

At Apollo Cancer Centres, our surgical oncology program represents the pinnacle of cancer surgery excellence. Our highly trained surgical teams perform complex procedures with remarkable precision and consistently superior outcomes.

Advanced Surgical Expertise

Comprehensive Surgical Capabilities:

Our surgical teams excel in:

• Complex tumor resections requiring multidisciplinary approach
• Skull base surgeries
• Advanced liver resections and reconstructions
• Microvascular reconstructive procedures
• Limb-preserving surgeries for bone tumors
• Minimally invasive cancer surgeries
• 
   

Specialized Surgical Procedures

Our surgical expertise encompasses a wide range of complex procedures, each performed with the highest level of precision and care:

1. Commando Operations (Combined Mandibulectomy and Neck Dissection): These complex head and neck procedures involve simultaneous removal of jaw bone and lymph nodes, requiring intricate surgical expertise. Our surgeons employ advanced reconstruction techniques to maintain both function and aesthetics, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients with advanced oral and maxillofacial cancers.
    
2. Complex Hepatic Tumor Resections Our liver surgery program specializes in both traditional and minimally invasive approaches to liver tumors. Using state-of-the-art imaging and surgical navigation systems, our teams perform precise resections while maximizing healthy tissue preservation and optimizing functional outcomes.
    
3. Advanced Thoracic and Lung Procedures Combining video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with robotic approaches, our thoracic surgical team performs complex lung resections with minimal invasiveness. These procedures utilize real-time imaging guidance and sophisticated navigation systems for optimal precision.
    
4. Abdominal and Pelvic Surgeries Our expertise includes complex procedures for gastrointestinal, gynecologic, and urologic cancers. Using advanced laparoscopic and robotic techniques, we achieve superior outcomes while minimizing recovery time and improving quality of life.
    
5. Bone and Soft Tissue Procedures Our orthopedic oncology team specializes in limb-sparing surgeries and complex reconstructions. Using cutting-edge techniques and materials, we focus on both cancer removal and functional preservation, offering hope to patients with challenging bone and soft tissue tumors.

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6. Laparoscopic Staging and Diagnostic Procedures Utilizing minimally invasive approaches, our diagnostic procedures provide crucial information for treatment planning while minimizing patient discomfort. Advanced imaging integration enables precise staging and optimal treatment selection.
    
7. Head and Neck Reconstruction Our specialized teams perform complex reconstructive procedures using advanced microsurgical techniques. These procedures focus on both functional restoration and aesthetic outcomes, improving patients' quality of life after cancer surgery.

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8. Complex Gastrointestinal Procedures Combining traditional surgical expertise with innovative techniques, our GI surgical team handles complex cases including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Advanced reconstruction methods ensure optimal functional outcomes.
    
9. Advanced Gynecologic Oncology Our gynecologic oncology program offers comprehensive surgical solutions for complex pelvic tumors. Using robotic and minimally invasive approaches, we achieve excellent outcomes while preserving fertility when possible.
    
10. Neurosurgical Oncology Specializing in brain and spine tumors, our neurosurgical team employs advanced navigation systems and intraoperative monitoring. Fluorescence-guided techniques ensure maximum tumor removal while protecting critical structures.

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Robotic Surgery Program

The Apollo Institutes of Robotic Surgery represents the forefront of minimally invasive surgical innovation, centered around the da Vinci Si surgical system.

Advantages:

• Enhanced 3D visualization with 10x magnification
• Tremor filtration for precise movements
• Wristed instrumentation for enhanced dexterity
• Ergonomic control system
• Advanced surgical planning tools

Read More about Robotic Surgery Program 

Specialty Applications

Urologic Oncology:

• Radical prostatectomy
• Partial nephrectomy
• Radical cystectomy
• Complex kidney procedures

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Gynecologic Oncology:

• Radical hysterectomy
• Complex pelvic procedures
• Lymph node dissections
• Fertility-preserving surgeries

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Gastrointestinal Procedures:

• Esophageal cancer surgery
• Gastric cancer procedures
• Colorectal cancer operations
• Complex hepatobiliary surgeries

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Innovative Surgical Techniques

Oncoplastic Surgery

Oncoplastic surgery is a specialized approach in breast cancer treatment that integrates oncological surgery (removal of cancerous tissue) with plastic and reconstructive techniques. The goal is to not only ensure effective removal of cancer but also to preserve or restore the natural appearance of the breast, improving both functional and aesthetic outcomes for patients.

Key Features 

1. Cancer Removal:

• Involves lumpectomy (partial mastectomy) or mastectomy to remove the tumor with clear margins, ensuring cancer is effectively treated.

2. Aesthetic Reconstruction:

• Combines plastic surgery techniques to minimize cosmetic deformities, reshaping the breast for a natural appearance.

3. Comprehensive Approach:

• A multidisciplinary team of oncologists, plastic surgeons, and radiation specialists collaborate for optimal outcomes.

Techniques in Oncoplastic Surgery

1. Breast-Conserving Surgery (BCS) with Oncoplasty:

For patients undergoing lumpectomy, the surrounding breast tissue is reshaped to fill the defect left by the tumor removal.

2. Therapeutic Mammoplasty:

Combines lumpectomy with breast reduction techniques, often used for larger breasts.

Includes repositioning the nipple and reshaping the breast for symmetry.

3. Skin-Sparing and Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy:

Preserves the skin and/or nipple while removing the underlying breast tissue.

4. Bilateral Symmetry Surgery:

In cases of significant asymmetry, surgery may be performed on the opposite breast (e.g., reduction, lift, or augmentation) for balanced appearance.

Indications for Oncoplastic Surgery

• Patients with early-stage breast cancer opting for breast-conserving surgery.

• Individuals undergoing partial or total mastectomy who desire breast reconstruction.

• Patients with large tumors in proportion to their breast size.

• Patients at high risk of cosmetic deformities due to tumor location or extensive tissue removal.

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Fluorescence Guided Surgery (FGS)

This innovative technique enhances surgical precision through advanced visualization technology. The technique uses fluorescent dyes and imaging technology to enhance visibility of tumors in surgery.

Technical Features:

• Real-time tumor visualization
• Enhanced margin detection
• Selective fluorescence uptake
• Integration with surgical microscopy
• Advanced imaging processing

Clinical Benefits:

• Improved tumor resection rates
• Reduced complications
• Better functional outcomes
• Shorter recovery times
• Enhanced surgical precision

Surgical Microscopy Integration 

Integration with surgical microscopy refers to the combination of advanced imaging technologies (e.g., fluorescence imaging, 3D visualization) with surgical microscopes to enhance the precision, accuracy, and outcomes of surgical procedures. This approach enables surgeons to see detailed, real-time visualizations of anatomical structures, tumors, and critical tissues that may not be visible with the naked eye.

How Integration Works

1. Advanced Surgical Microscopes:

• Modern surgical microscopes are equipped with high-resolution optics and real-time imaging capabilities.

• They provide magnified views of the surgical field, often with additional enhancements like fluorescence or augmented reality.

• Technologies like fluorescence imaging, near-infrared (NIR) imaging, or digital overlays are incorporated into the microscope.

• Surgeons can view enhanced images of specific tissues, tumors, or blood vessels directly through the microscope.

• Surgeons receive live feedback on the tissue’s condition, blood flow, or tumor boundaries while operating.

• This minimizes guesswork and ensures precise intervention.

HIPEC 

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an advanced treatment for certain abdominal cancers. It combines surgery and heated chemotherapy to treat cancer that has spread within the peritoneal cavity (the lining of the abdominal organs). HIPEC is performed after surgical removal of visible tumors, allowing the chemotherapy to target microscopic cancer cells.

How HIPEC Works

1. Cytoreductive Surgery:

• Surgeons perform a procedure to remove visible tumors from the abdominal cavity.

• The goal is to achieve complete or near-complete removal of macroscopic (visible) cancer.

2. Heated Chemotherapy:

• After surgery, a heated chemotherapy solution is circulated directly into the abdominal cavity.

• The solution is typically heated to 41–43°C (105–109°F) and circulated for 30–90 minutes.

3. Targeting Microscopic Cancer:

• The heated chemotherapy kills residual cancer cells that remain after surgery, reducing the risk of recurrence.

Advantages of HIPEC

1. Localized Treatment:

Chemotherapy is delivered directly to the abdominal cavity, minimizing exposure to the rest of the body.

Reduces systemic side effects compared to traditional intravenous chemotherapy.

2. Enhanced Effectiveness:

Heating increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs by:

Enhancing drug penetration into tissues.

Increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy.

 The heat itself can damage cancer cells.

3. Lower Recurrence Risk:

Effective for targeting microscopic cancer cells left behind after surgery.
 

Indications for HIPEC

HIPEC is used for cancers confined to the abdominal cavity, including:

1. Peritoneal Carcinomatosis:

• Cancers that spread to the peritoneum, often from:

• Colorectal cancer.

• Gastric (stomach) cancer.

• Appendiceal cancer.

2. Ovarian Cancer:

• Advanced-stage ovarian cancer with peritoneal involvement.

3. Mesothelioma:

• A rare cancer of the peritoneal lining.

4. Pseudomyxoma Peritonei:

• A rare condition characterized by mucus-producing tumors in the peritoneal cavity.

Procedure

1. Pre-Procedure:

• Comprehensive evaluation to assess the extent of the cancer and overall patient health.

• Imaging (CT or MRI) and biopsies are performed.

2. During the Procedure:

• Cytoreductive Surgery: Removes visible tumors.

• HIPEC: Heated chemotherapy is infused into the abdominal cavity using specialized equipment.

• The solution is circulated to ensure even distribution.

3. Post-Procedure:

• Patients are monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU) for complications.

• Recovery time varies but is typically longer than for standard abdominal surgeries.

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PIPAC: Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy

Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is an innovative, minimally invasive procedure used to treat advanced abdominal cancers that have spread to the peritoneum (peritoneal carcinomatosis). PIPAC delivers chemotherapy as a pressurized aerosol directly into the abdominal cavity, enhancing drug absorption and minimizing systemic side effects.

How PIPAC Works

1. Laparoscopic Access:

The procedure is performed through minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery.

Two small incisions are made in the abdomen for the introduction of the laparoscope and the aerosol device.

2. Pressurized Delivery:

Chemotherapy drugs are aerosolized (converted into a fine mist) and delivered under high pressure (usually 12 mmHg).

The pressure helps the drugs penetrate deeper into cancerous tissues.

3. Targeted Action:

The aerosolized chemotherapy ensures uniform distribution across the peritoneum, reaching even microscopic cancer cells.

4. Short Duration:

The chemotherapy is circulated in the abdominal cavity for about 30 minutes before being evacuated.
 

Indications for PIPAC

PIPAC is typically used for patients with advanced or recurrent cancers involving the peritoneum, including:

1. Ovarian Cancer

2. Gastric Cancer

3. Colorectal Cancer

4. Peritoneal Mesothelioma

5. Pancreatic Cancer

6. Appendiceal Cancer

It is often considered when systemic chemotherapy or other treatments have failed or are not suitable.
 

Benefits of PIPAC

1. Enhanced Drug Penetration:

• The pressurized aerosol allows deeper penetration of chemotherapy into cancerous tissue, improving its effectiveness.

2. Minimized Side Effects:

• Since the chemotherapy is localized to the abdominal cavity, systemic exposure is significantly reduced, resulting in fewer side effects like nausea, fatigue, or organ toxicity.

3. Uniform Drug Distribution:

• The aerosol ensures even distribution across the peritoneal surfaces, including hard-to-reach areas.

4. Repeatable Procedure:

• PIPAC can be repeated multiple times (every 6–8 weeks) to control disease progression.

5. Preservation of Quality of Life:

• Minimally invasive and well-tolerated by most patients, it allows better quality of life compared to systemic therapies.

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Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) for Precision Cancer Cell Destruction

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment that uses heat generated by high-frequency electrical currents to destroy cancer cells. It is commonly used for small, localized tumors in organs such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, and bones. RFA is a precision technique, as it targets only the cancerous tissue while sparing surrounding healthy structures.

How RFA Works

1. Placement of Electrodes:

 A thin needle-like probe (electrode) is inserted into the tumor using imaging guidance such as CT, ultrasound, or MRI.

The probe is carefully positioned to ensure precision targeting of the tumor.

2. Energy Delivery:

High-frequency electrical currents are delivered through the probe, generating heat in the targeted area.

3. Cancer Cell Destruction:

The heat destroys the cancer cells by causing coagulative necrosis (a form of cell death due to protein denaturation).

Temperatures typically reach 50–100°C in the tumor, ensuring effective destruction.

4. Thermal Margin:

 A small margin of surrounding healthy tissue is often ablated to ensure complete tumor eradication and minimize recurrence.

Applications of RFA

RFA is particularly effective for cancers that are localized or where surgery is not feasible. Common applications include:

1. Liver Cancer:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.

Particularly useful for patients with cirrhosis or those who are not candidates for surgery.

2. Lung Cancer:

Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or metastases in patients unable to undergo surgery or radiation.

3. Kidney Cancer:

 Small renal tumors, especially in patients with poor kidney function or high surgical risk.

4. Bone Tumors:

Effective for painful metastatic bone lesions resistant to other treatments.

5. Other Solid Tumors:

 Pancreatic tumors, adrenal gland tumors, and breast cancers in selected cases.

Advantages of RFA

1. Minimally Invasive:

Performed through small incisions or percutaneously, reducing recovery time and complications.

2. Precision Targeting:

Destroys only the cancerous tissue, sparing adjacent healthy structures.

3. Outpatient Procedure:

Can often be performed on an outpatient basis or with a short hospital stay.

4. Preserves Organ Function:

 Ideal for patients with compromised organ function who cannot undergo extensive surgery.

5. Repeatable:

 Can be performed multiple times if new tumors develop.

6. Pain Management:

For bone metastases, RFA not only destroys cancer cells but also alleviates pain by disrupting nerve signals.

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Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

A bone marrow transplant (BMT), also known as a stem cell transplant, is a medical procedure used to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. It is often used to treat patients with blood disorders, certain cancers, and other conditions affecting the bone marrow’s ability to function.

Purpose of a Bone Marrow Transplant

Bone marrow is responsible for producing:

• Red blood cells: Carry oxygen throughout the body.

• White blood cells: Fight infections.

• Platelets: Help blood clot.
 

When bone marrow is damaged or diseased, it can no longer produce these cells effectively. A BMT aims to:

1. Replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow.

2. Restore the production of healthy blood cells.

3. Treat or cure certain diseases, including cancer.
 

Types of Bone Marrow Transplants

1. Autologous Transplant:

• Uses the patient’s own stem cells.

• Commonly used when bone marrow is not diseased, but high-dose chemotherapy or radiation is required (e.g., for certain cancers).

• Stem cells are collected, stored, and re-infused after treatment.

2. Allogeneic Transplant:

• Uses stem cells from a donor (related or unrelated) whose tissue type closely matches the patient.

• Requires immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection.

• Often used for diseases involving the bone marrow itself, such as leukemia.

3. Syngeneic Transplant:

• Uses stem cells from an identical twin.

• Rare, but there is no risk of rejection since the donor and recipient are genetically identical.

Conditions Treated with BMT

1. Blood Cancers:

• Leukemia (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia).

• Lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma).

• Multiple myeloma.

2. Non-Cancerous Blood Disorders:

• Aplastic anemia.

• Thalassemia.

• Sickle cell anemia.

3. Immune System Disorders:

• Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

• Autoimmune diseases like lupus (in select cases).

4. Metabolic Disorders:

• Conditions like Hurler syndrome or adrenoleukodystrophy.
 

Procedure

1. Preparation (Conditioning):

• High-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy is administered to:

• Destroy diseased bone marrow.

• Suppress the immune system to prevent rejection of the transplanted cells.

2. Stem Cell Collection:

• For autologous transplants: Stem cells are collected from the patient’s blood or bone marrow.

• For allogeneic transplants: Donor stem cells are collected from peripheral blood, bone marrow, or umbilical cord blood.

3. Transplantation:

• Healthy stem cells are infused into the patient’s bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) catheter, similar to a blood transfusion.

4. Engraftment:

• The transplanted stem cells travel to the bone marrow, where they begin to grow and produce healthy blood cells.

• Engraftment usually occurs within 2–4 weeks.

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Surgical Support Infrastructure

Our surgical excellence is supported by comprehensive facilities:

Advanced Operating Suites:

• State-of-the-art surgical equipment
• Advanced imaging integration
• Real-time pathology support
• Advanced anesthesia monitoring
• Specialized surgical instruments

Post-Operative Care:

• Dedicated surgical ICUs
• Specialized nursing teams
• Advanced monitoring systems
• Comprehensive rehabilitation services
• Integrated pain management

Each surgical procedure is carefully planned and executed by our multidisciplinary team, ensuring optimal outcomes and rapid recovery for our patients. Our success rates in oncology surgeries match those of the world's leading cancer centers, reflecting our commitment to excellence in cancer care.

Immunotherapy is a cutting-edge cancer treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to identify, attack, and destroy cancer cells. Unlike traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation, which directly target cancer cells, immunotherapy works by boosting or redirecting the body’s natural defenses to fight the disease.

Read more about Immunotherapy

How Immunotherapy Works

The immune system naturally identifies and eliminates abnormal cells. However, cancer cells can evade detection or suppress the immune response. Immunotherapy overcomes these challenges by:

• Enhancing the immune system’s ability to detect and destroy cancer cells.

• Disrupting the mechanisms cancer cells use to hide from immune surveillance.
 

Types of Immunotherapy

1. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors:

These drugs block proteins (checkpoints) that suppress immune responses, allowing T cells to attack cancer cells.

Common examples:

PD-1 Inhibitors: Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), Nivolumab (Opdivo).

PD-L1 Inhibitors: Atezolizumab (Tecentriq), Durvalumab (Imfinzi).

CTLA-4 Inhibitors: Ipilimumab (Yervoy).

2. CAR T-Cell Therapy:

A personalized treatment that involves modifying a patient’s T cells to target specific antigens on cancer cells.

Used for blood cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

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How CAR T-Cell Therapy Works

• T cells are extracted from the patient’s blood through a process called leukapheresis.

• In a laboratory, the T cells are modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their surface.

• These CARs are designed to recognize specific proteins (antigens) on cancer cells.

• The modified CAR T cells are expanded in the lab to create millions of cancer-fighting cells.

• The engineered T cells are infused back into the patient’s body.

• The CAR T cells recognize and bind to the cancer cells, triggering an immune response to destroy them.

Applications of CAR T-Cell Therapy

CAR T-cell therapy is primarily used for cancers that have not responded to standard treatments:

1. Hematological (Blood) Cancers:

• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL):

• Especially in children and young adults.

• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL):

• Includes subtypes like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL):

• For relapsed or refractory cases.

• Multiple Myeloma:

• Targets BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen) on myeloma cells.

2. Solid Tumors (Under Research):

• CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors like breast, lung, and ovarian cancers is being explored.
 

Advantages of CAR T-Cell Therapy

Highly Targeted:CAR T cells are designed to specifically attack cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues.

Durable Response:Long-lasting remission has been observed in some patients.

Personalized Treatment: Tailored to the patient’s cancer and immune system.
 

Eligibility for CAR T-Cell Therapy

CAR T-cell therapy is typically considered for:

• Patients with relapsed or refractory cancers.

• Individuals who have not responded to other treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or stem cell transplants.

• Patients in good general health to tolerate potential side effects.

3. Monoclonal Antibodies:

• Lab-made proteins that bind to specific antigens on cancer cells, flagging them for destruction by the immune system.

Examples:

Rituximab (Rituxan) for lymphoma.

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for HER2-positive breast cancer.

4. Cytokines:

• Proteins like interleukins and interferons boost immune system activity. Example: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) for kidney cancer and melanoma.

5. Immune Modulators:

• Boost the overall activity of the immune system. Example: Lenalidomide for multiple myeloma.
 

Applications of Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is effective against various types of cancer, including:

• Melanoma (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic virus therapy).

• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors).

• Renal Cell Carcinoma (e.g., cytokines, checkpoint inhibitors).

• Blood Cancers (e.g., CAR T-cell therapy for leukemia and lymphoma).

• Bladder Cancer (e.g., Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy).

• Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (e.g., immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy).

Advantages of Immunotherapy

• Can stimulate a durable immune response, reducing the likelihood of recurrence.

• Targets cancer cells more precisely than traditional therapies, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

• Offers hope for cancers that are resistant to other treatments.

• Can be combined with other treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapies for enhanced outcomes.

Immunotherapy represents a transformative approach in cancer treatment, leveraging the power of the immune system to combat the disease. 

Our targeted therapy program focuses on precision medicine approaches, addressing specific genetic alterations in cancer cells. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to specifically target molecules (e.g., proteins or genes) involved in the growth, progression, and survival of cancer cells.

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Mechanism:

• Interferes with specific pathways or processes in cancer cells, such as signaling pathways or angiogenesis.

• Targets features unique to cancer cells, sparing most normal cells.

Examples:

• HER2 Inhibitors: Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for HER2-positive breast cancer.

• EGFR Inhibitors: Erlotinib for EGFR-mutated lung cancer.

• VEGF Inhibitors: Bevacizumab (Avastin) to block blood vessel growth in tumors.
 

Treatment Delivery:

• Available in both oral and injectable forms
• Customized based on genetic testing results
• Regular monitoring and adjustment protocols
   

Applications:

Effective for multiple cancer types including:

• Lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Stomach cancer
• Colorectal cancer

Advantages:

• More tolerable side effect profile
• Reduced hospital visits with oral formulations
• Improved treatment compliance
• Enhanced quality of life during treatment

Apollo Cancer Centres' Theranostics program combines diagnostic precision with therapeutic effectiveness using radioactive isotopes. Theranostics is a cutting-edge approach in personalized medicine that combines therapy and diagnostics to deliver highly targeted treatment for diseases, particularly cancer. The term is a blend of “therapeutics” and “diagnostics,” emphasizing its dual purpose: diagnosing the disease and treating it simultaneously or in a closely integrated manner.

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How Theranostics Works

• Specific biomarkers or receptors present on disease cells are identified (e.g., proteins or genetic markers)

• A diagnostic agent, typically a radiopharmaceutical or a molecular probe, binds to the disease-specific target, allowing imaging via techniques such as PET or SPECT scans.

• A therapeutic agent, often linked to the same targeting molecule as the diagnostic agent, delivers localized treatment to the disease site.

• Imaging can also monitor treatment response, enabling adjustments to therapy if needed.

• Used in cancers like prostate and breast cancers 
 

Our medical oncology team employs a comprehensive approach to determine the most appropriate treatment or combination of treatments for each patient, considering:

• Cancer type and stage
• Genetic profile
• Previous treatment history
• Overall health status
• Quality of life goals

1. Tumor Board Meetings

At Apollo Cancer Centres, our Tumor Board represents the cornerstone of our multidisciplinary approach to cancer care. These regularly scheduled meetings bring together diverse specialists to collaborate on complex cancer cases, ensuring each patient receives the most comprehensive and effective treatment plan.

Our tumor board structure includes:

• Medical oncologists providing expertise in systemic therapies
• Surgical oncologists offering surgical perspectives
• Radiation oncologists specialized in radiation treatments
• Pathologists for detailed tissue analysis
• Radiologists interpreting complex imaging
• Nuclear medicine specialists
• Genetic counselors when applicable

The importance of tumor boards in treatment planning cannot be overstated. They provide :

• Collective expertise leading to optimal treatment decisions
• Real-time collaboration among specialists
• Integration of latest clinical guidelines
• Access to clinical trial opportunities
• Consideration of novel therapeutic approaches

2. Case Presentations

Our case presentation format ensures thorough discussion of each patient's unique situation. These presentations facilitate comprehensive evaluation and decision-making for optimal patient outcomes.

Types of cases presented include:

• Newly diagnosed complex cases
• Rare tumor types requiring specialized approach
• Cases requiring multimodal therapy
• Treatment-resistant cases
• Clinical trial candidates
• Cases with unique challenging factors

The role of multidisciplinary teams in case discussions encompasses:

• Detailed review of patient history and presentation
• Analysis of diagnostic imaging and pathology
• Evaluation of molecular testing results
• Assessment of treatment options
• Consideration of clinical trial eligibility
• Discussion of potential complications and management strategies

1. Team Composition

Our integrated care teams represent a holistic approach to cancer treatment, bringing together various specialists who work collaboratively to provide comprehensive patient care.

Core team members include:

• Primary oncologists coordinating overall care
• Specialist nurses with oncology expertise
• Pain management specialists
• Nutritionists specialized in oncology
• Physical therapists
• Psychological support professionals
• Social workers

Different specialists' roles are clearly defined:

• Oncologists: Leading treatment planning and execution
• Nurses: Providing direct patient care and education
• Pain specialists: Managing symptoms and improving comfort
• Nutritionists: Ensuring optimal nutrition during treatment
• Physical therapists: Maintaining function and mobility
• Psychologists: Supporting mental health and coping
• Social workers: Addressing practical and emotional needs

2. Patient-Centered Care

At Apollo Cancer Centres, patient-centered care forms the foundation of our treatment philosophy. We recognize that each patient's journey is unique and requires personalized attention and care.

Principles of patient-centred care include:

• Respect for patient preferences and values
• Coordination and integration of care
• Information sharing and education
• Physical comfort and emotional support
• Family and caregiver involvement
• Continuity of care across treatment phases

The importance of this approach in cancer care  is reflected through:

• Personalized treatment plans considering patient preferences
• Shared decision-making processes
• Comprehensive support services
• Regular assessment of patient needs
• Family involvement in care planning
• Continuous communication and updates

Additional Patient Support Features:

• Dedicated patient navigators
• 24/7 access to care team
• Regular support group meetings
• Educational resources and programs
• Family counseling services
• Financial counseling support

Our Integrated Approach Ensures:

• Seamless coordination between all specialists
• Regular team communications
• Prompt response to patient needs
• Consistent care delivery
• Comprehensive documentation
• Regular treatment plan reviews

Quality Monitoring and Enhancement:

• Regular team performance reviews
• Patient satisfaction surveys
• Outcome measurements
• Process improvement initiatives
• Continuous staff training
• Updated protocol implementation

At Apollo Cancer Centres, patient-centered care forms the foundation of our treatment philosophy. We recognize that each patient's journey is unique and requires personalized attention and care.

Principles of patient-centred care include:

• Respect for patient preferences and values
• Coordination and integration of care
• Information sharing and education
• Physical comfort and emotional support
• Family and caregiver involvement
• Continuity of care across treatment phases

The importance of this approach in cancer care  is reflected through:

• Personalized treatment plans considering patient preferences
• Shared decision-making processes
• Comprehensive support services
• Regular assessment of patient needs
• Family involvement in care planning
• Continuous communication and updates

Additional Patient Support Features:

• Dedicated patient navigators
• 24/7 access to care team
• Regular support group meetings
• Educational resources and programs
• Family counseling services
• Financial counseling support

Our Integrated Approach Ensures:

• Seamless coordination between all specialists
• Regular team communications
• Prompt response to patient needs
• Consistent care delivery
• Comprehensive documentation
• Regular treatment plan reviews

Quality Monitoring and Enhancement:

• Regular team performance reviews
• Patient satisfaction surveys
• Outcome measurements
• Process improvement initiatives
• Continuous staff training
• Updated protocol implementation

Apollo Cancer Centres houses a comprehensive suite of radiation therapy technologies, each chosen for its unique capabilities in targeting different types of cancers with unprecedented precision.

 Radiation oncology section

Our surgical facilities incorporate the latest technological advancements for optimal outcomes.

da Vinci Robotic Surgery System

The da Vinci Robotic Surgery System at Apollo Cancer Centres represents the pinnacle of surgical innovation, combining advanced robotics with expert surgical precision. This state-of-the-art platform transforms the surgical experience by providing surgeons with enhanced capabilities that extend beyond the limitations of traditional surgery.

At the heart of the system is its revolutionary 10x magnified 3D visualization technology, offering surgeons an unprecedented view of the surgical field. This crystal-clear, high-definition visualization allows surgeons to see anatomical structures with exceptional clarity and depth perception, enabling them to navigate complex surgical areas with enhanced confidence and precision.

The system's advanced features include:

• Four-armed surgical robot with wristed instrumentation
• Tremor filtration technology
• Ergonomic surgeon console
• Advanced 3D imaging systems
• Intuitive motion scaling

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Clinical Applications across Specialties

Urologic Oncology:

• Precise prostate cancer surgery
• Kidney tumor removal with preserved function
• Complex bladder cancer procedures
• Enhanced lymph node dissection
• Nerve-sparing surgical techniques

Gynecologic Oncology:

• Comprehensive hysterectomy procedures
• Complex ovarian cancer surgeries
• Precise cervical cancer operations
• Fertility-preserving options
• Advanced pelvic surgery

Gastrointestinal Procedures:

• Minimally invasive colorectal surgery
• Complex stomach cancer operations
• Precise esophageal procedures
• Pancreatic cancer surgery
• Liver tumor resections

Patient Benefits:

• Significantly reduced recovery time
• Minimal scarring and tissue trauma
• Reduced blood loss during surgery
• Shorter hospital stays
• Faster return to normal activities

Fluorescence Guided Surgery (FGS)

Fluorescence Guided Surgery represents a breakthrough in surgical visualization technology, particularly revolutionary in the field of neurosurgical oncology. This advanced system, implemented at Apollo Cancer Centres, enables surgeons to achieve unprecedented precision in tumor removal, especially for complex brain tumors that were previously challenging to access and remove completely.

The technology utilizes a special fluorescent dye, Fluorescein sodium, which is administered to the patient approximately one hour before surgery. This dye is preferentially absorbed by tumor cells, creating a distinct visual difference between cancerous and healthy tissue when viewed under specialized microscopic filters.

System Components:

• Pentero 900 HD Microscope Integration:
• State-of-the-art optical system
• Dual filter capability (Yellow 560 and IR 800)
• High-definition visualization
• Integrated recording systems
• Advanced navigation interface

Visualization Technology:

• Real-time tumor boundary identification
• Dynamic fluorescence imaging
• Multiple visualization modes
• Enhanced depth perception
• Integrated surgical planning

Clinical Impact

At Apollo Cancer Centres, our neurosurgical center has demonstrated remarkable success in utilizing advanced surgical technologies, particularly in complex tumor resection procedures. Our experience with 25 patients who underwent craniotomy and excision of intracranial lesions has yielded exceptional results that underscore the effectiveness of our approach.

Our documented outcomes include:

• 92% complete resection rate achievement, setting new standards in surgical precision
• Minimal neurological impact on patients post-surgery
• 80% progression-free survival rate at six months
• Zero adverse reactions to fluorescence-guided procedures
• Consistently enhanced surgical outcomes across all cases

Surgical Applications

Our surgical expertise encompasses a comprehensive range of complex procedures, each benefiting from our advanced technological infrastructure. We specialize in Complex brain tumor removal procedures, utilizing precision guidance systems and advanced imaging technology. Our skull base surgeries demonstrate particular excellence in addressing deeply situated tumors. The management of spinal cord tumors benefits from our integrated surgical approach, combining advanced imaging with precise surgical techniques. Our expertise extends to treating complex vascular malformations, where precision is crucial for optimal outcomes. In pediatric brain tumors, our specialized protocols ensure the highest standard of care for our youngest patients.

Key Advantages

Our surgical program offers distinct advantages that set us apart in cancer care. The primary benefits include exceptional clarity in differentiating between tumor and healthy tissue, significantly reducing surgical risks. Our advanced techniques have markedly reduced the risk of damage to critical structures, ensuring better preservation of vital functions. We consistently achieve more complete tumor removal through precise surgical navigation. The preservation of brain function is enhanced through careful surgical planning and execution. Our approach leads to demonstrably improved surgical outcomes across all procedures.

Technological Integration

The integration of advanced surgical technologies at Apollo Cancer Centres has revolutionized our approach to cancer surgery. This integration enables:

• Precisely targeted surgical interventions with enhanced accuracy
• Consistently superior patient outcomes
• Significantly reduced complication rates
• Accelerated recovery timelines
• Markedly enhanced quality of life post-surgery

Surgical Support Excellence

Expert Teams and Infrastructure comprehensively support our surgical program: Our highly trained surgical teams undergo continuous education and training in the latest techniques. Our advanced operating facilities feature state-of-the-art equipment and technology. Each case benefits from comprehensive pre-operative planning involving multidisciplinary expertise. We provide integrated post-operative care through coordinated support services. Regular outcome monitoring ensures continuous improvement in our surgical practices.

This systematic approach to surgical excellence ensures that Apollo Cancer Centres maintain leadership in surgical oncology. By combining advanced technology with expert care, we continue to advance the boundaries of surgical possibility while maintaining our focus on optimal patient outcomes.

Read more about Surgical Technology 

Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Technologies

At Apollo Cancer Centres, our comprehensive suite of diagnostic imaging technologies represents the forefront of cancer detection and monitoring. Each system is carefully selected and integrated to provide the most accurate and detailed information for diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning.

PET-CT Technology

Our advanced PET-CT system represents a revolutionary fusion of molecular and anatomical imaging, providing unprecedented insight into cancer diagnosis and staging. This hybrid technology combines the metabolic information from PET (Positron Emission Tomography) with the detailed anatomical imaging of CT (Computed Tomography) in a single, powerful diagnostic tool.

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64-Slice Imaging Excellence

The 64-slice CT capability at Apollo Cancer Centres represents a significant advancement in diagnostic imaging technology. This sophisticated system delivers unprecedented anatomical detail at the sub-millimeter level, enabling our radiologists to visualize the finest structures with exceptional clarity. The rapid scan acquisition significantly reduces examination time, enhancing patient comfort while maintaining superior image quality. Our advanced protocols ensure reduced radiation exposure without compromising diagnostic accuracy. The system excels in comprehensive volumetric imaging, providing detailed three-dimensional views of anatomical structures that aid in precise surgical and treatment planning.

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Advanced Clinical Applications

• Early cancer detection
• Precise tumor localization
• Metastasis identification
• Treatment response evaluation
• Recurrence monitoring

Metabolic and Anatomical Integration

• Combined functional and structural imaging
• Real-time metabolic assessment
• Precise anatomical correlation
• Enhanced diagnostic accuracy
• Comprehensive staging information

Digital Mammography with Tomosynthesis

Our state-of-the-art breast imaging system represents the latest advancement in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. The integration of digital mammography with tomosynthesis (3D mammography) provides unprecedented clarity and detail in breast tissue examination.

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3D Imaging Excellence: 

The system creates a series of detailed breast images, allowing radiologists to:

• Examine breast tissue layer by layer
• View subtle abnormalities
• Detect early-stage cancers
• Assess tissue density
• Evaluate microcalcifications

Clinical Advantages:

• Up to 40% increase in cancer detection
• Significant reduction in false positives
• Better visualization of dense breast tissue
• More accurate size and location assessment
• Enhanced screening efficiency

Comprehensive Assessment Features:

• Multi-angle image acquisition
• Advanced processing algorithms
• Synthetic 2D image reconstruction
• Enhanced contrast resolution
• Rapid image acquisition and processing

Additional Advanced Imaging Systems

MRI Technology

Our advanced MRI systems utilize powerful magnetic field technology combined with sophisticated software to provide detailed soft tissue imaging.

High-Field Strength Capabilities: The system features:

• Advanced 3T technology
• Superior tissue contrast
• High-resolution imaging
• Rapid scan sequences
• Reduced motion artifacts

Advanced Applications:

• Functional brain mapping
• Spectroscopic analysis
• Diffusion-weighted imaging
• Perfusion studies
• Dynamic contrast imaging

Specialized Protocols:

• Breast MRI with spectroscopy
• Cardiac function assessment
• Whole-body diffusion studies
• Neurological mapping
• Musculoskeletal imaging

Nuclear Medicine

Our nuclear medicine department offers comprehensive molecular imaging capabilities for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

Advanced SPECT-CT Systems: Features include:

• Hybrid imaging technology
• Advanced detector systems
• Quantitative analysis tools
• 3D reconstruction capabilities
• Motion correction technology

Clinical Applications:

• Thyroid cancer assessment
• Bone metastasis detection
• Neuroendocrine tumor imaging
• Cardiac function studies
• Pediatric nuclear medicine

Specialized Capabilities:

• Advanced tracer studies
• Molecular targeting
• Dynamic imaging
• Quantitative analysis
• Treatment response monitoring

At Apollo Cancer Centres, our advanced technological infrastructure is supported by expert technical staff and maintained through rigorous quality assurance protocols, regular upgrades, and comprehensive maintenance programs that meet international standards. This integrated approach enables us to deliver precise treatments with minimal side effects, optimize outcomes, and reduce recovery times while enhancing patient comfort. Through our commitment to technological excellence, Apollo Cancer Centres continues to lead in cancer care innovation, offering patients hope and healing through cutting-edge medical technology.

At Apollo Cancer Centres, we actively participate in groundbreaking clinical trials that shape the future of cancer treatment. Our clinical trials program represents our commitment to advancing cancer care through rigorous scientific research and innovation.

Global Clinical Trials

Overview of Global Research Initiatives:

Apollo Cancer Centres participates in numerous international clinical trials, collaborating with leading research institutions worldwide. Our trials span various cancer types and treatment modalities, including:

• Novel drug therapies and combinations
• Advanced immunotherapy approaches
• Innovative surgical techniques
• Cutting-edge radiation protocols
• Personalized medicine strategies

Participation Opportunities:

• Eligibility criteria for various trials
• Application process
• Patient support during trials
• Follow-up protocols
• Access to innovative treatments

Our research portfolio encompasses various aspects of cancer care, from basic science to clinical applications.

Organizational Research Focus:

Apollo Cancer Centres' research priorities include:

• Development of targeted therapies
• Biomarker discovery and validation
• Cancer genomics studies
• Treatment resistance mechanisms
• Quality of life research

Cancer Innovations

Apollo Cancer Centres' Innovation Hub serves as a catalyst for breakthrough developments in cancer care.

Overview of Cancer Innovation Programs

Our innovation initiatives focus on:

• Artificial Intelligence in cancer diagnosis
• Novel treatment delivery systems
• Patient care technology
• Digital health solutions
• Precision medicine applications
   

Current Innovation Focus Areas:

• AI-driven diagnostic tools
• Remote patient monitoring systems
• Personalized treatment algorithms
• Digital pathology solutions
• Patient engagement platforms

Through our comprehensive research and innovation programs, Apollo Cancer Centres continues to push the boundaries of what's possible in cancer care, working tirelessly to develop and implement new solutions that benefit patients worldwide.

Types of Counseling Offered

Our specialized counseling services include:

Psychological Support:

• Individual therapy sessions
• Family counseling
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Stress management programs
• Anxiety and depression support

Treatment-Related Counseling:

• Pre-treatment preparation
• Side-effect management
• Coping strategies
• Treatment decision support
• Recovery planning

Global Support Standards:

Our counseling services adhere to international best practices in psycho-oncology, ensuring:

• Evidence-based therapeutic approaches
• Cultural sensitivity
• Multilingual support
• Regular assessment protocols
• Continuous care monitoring

Nutritional Guidelines

Our specialized oncology nutrition team provides:

Personalized Nutrition Plans:

• Treatment-specific diet recommendations
• Side-effect management through nutrition
• Supplement guidance
• Hydration protocols
• Meal planning assistance

Evidence-Based Guidelines:

• Cancer-specific nutritional protocols
• Treatment phase-specific diets
• Recovery nutrition plans
• Prevention guidelines
• Long-term maintenance plans

Research-Backed Approach:

Our nutrition programs incorporate:

• Latest nutritional research
• Global dietary standards
• Cultural food preferences
• Scientific evidence
• Treatment-specific modifications

Overview of Rehabilitation

Our comprehensive rehabilitation program includes:

Physical Rehabilitation:

• Post-surgical recovery
• Strength and endurance building
• Mobility improvement
• Pain management
• Lymphedema management

Occupational Therapy:

• Daily living skills
• Work rehabilitation
• Adaptive techniques
• Energy conservation
• Environmental modifications

Speech and Swallowing Therapy:

• Post-treatment voice rehabilitation
• Swallowing exercises
• Communication skills
• Breathing techniques
• Oral motor exercises

Types of Support Groups

We offer various support groups to meet different needs:

Cancer-Specific Groups:

• Breast cancer support
• Prostate cancer support
• Blood cancer support
• Pediatric cancer support
• Survivor groups

Special Focus Groups:

• Young adult cancer support
• Caregivers' support
• Family support
• Bereavement support
• Survivorship programs

Virtual Support Options:

• Online support communities
• Teletherapy sessions
• Digital resource libraries
• Virtual support meetings
• Mobile app support

Additional Support Features:

Integrative Care Services:

• Yoga and meditation
• Art therapy
• Music therapy
• Mindfulness programs
• Relaxation techniques

Educational Resources:

• Treatment information
• Lifestyle guidance
• Coping strategies
• Self-care tips
• Recovery resources

Practical Support:

• Transportation assistance
• Accommodation support
• Financial counseling
• Insurance guidance
• Legal support referrals

Our patient support services are designed to:

• Enhance treatment outcomes
• Improve quality of life
• Provide emotional support
• Foster community connection
• Enable holistic healing

Each service is tailored to individual patient needs and integrated with their overall treatment plan, ensuring comprehensive care support throughout their cancer journey.

General Insurance Information

Our insurance coverage support includes assistance with:

• Domestic insurance policies
• International insurance plans
• Corporate health coverage
• Government scheme benefits
• Specialized cancer care policies

Global Coverage Trends: 

We work with various insurance providers worldwide to facilitate:

• Direct billing arrangements
• Pre-authorization support
• Cashless treatment facilities
• International policy coordination
• Coverage optimization

Financial Aid Programs

Apollo Cancer Centres is committed to making quality cancer care accessible through various financial support programs:

Financial Assistance Options:

• Structured payment plans
• Interest-free EMI options
• Charitable trust support
• Corporate sponsorship programs
• Government scheme facilitation

Global Patient Support: For international patients, we offer:

• Currency exchange assistance
• International billing support
• Cost estimation services
• Financial counseling
• Treatment package options

Treatment Cost Ranges

We believe in transparent pricing and provide detailed cost estimates based on treatment plans.

General Treatment Cost Considerations:

Factors Affecting Costs: Treatment costs vary based on:

Our financial services team is committed to:

• Providing clear cost information
• Explaining insurance coverage
• Identifying financial assistance options
• Supporting documentation needs
• Facilitating smooth billing processes

Understanding that every patient's financial situation is unique, we work to:

• Create personalized payment solutions
• Maximize insurance benefits
• Identify assistance programs
• Minimize financial stress
• Support treatment completion

For detailed information about costs, insurance coverage, or financial assistance programs, please contact our financial counseling team.

Apollo Hospitals partners with several major insurance companies to offer coverage for a wide range of heart treatments and procedures. This includes access to our state-of-the-art facilities, advanced testing, and expert heart care. Here are some of the insurance companies we work with:  View All Insurance Partners

Proton therapy at APCC represents a revolutionary advancement in radiation oncology. Unlike conventional radiation therapy, proton therapy utilizes high-energy proton beams that can be precisely controlled to target cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This sophisticated approach allows for higher doses of radiation to be delivered directly to tumors, significantly improving treatment outcomes.

Key Technological Advantages:

Our proton therapy system features advanced beam scanning technology, allowing for:

• Millimeter-precise tumor targeting
• Dynamic adaptation to tumor shape and size
• Real-time tracking of tumor movement
• Integrated imaging guidance
• Sophisticated treatment planning systems

The benefits compared to traditional radiation therapy are substantial. Proton therapy offers:

• Reduced radiation exposure to healthy tissues
• Lower risk of short-term and long-term side effects
• Better tumor control in complex cases
• Improved quality of life during treatment
• Enhanced treatment options for previously challenging cases

At Apollo Proton Cancer Centre,proton therapy treatment process represents a sophisticated and comprehensive journey, carefully tailored to each patient's specific needs. This journey begins with an initial consultation and extends through post-treatment follow-up care, ensuring optimal outcomes through every step.

Initial Consultation and Evaluation

The process begins with a thorough consultation where our expert team of oncologists evaluates the patient's medical history, previous treatments, and current condition. During this phase, patients undergo comprehensive diagnostic imaging, including high-resolution CT scans, MRI studies, and when necessary, PET scans. These advanced imaging techniques provide crucial information about the tumor's size, location, and relationship to surrounding tissues, enabling our team to determine the most effective treatment approach.

Treatment Planning Phase

Following the initial evaluation, our specialized treatment planning team, consisting of radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and dosimetrists, develops a customized treatment plan. This intricate process involves:

• Creating detailed 3D maps of the tumor and surrounding tissues
• Calculating optimal radiation doses
• Determining beam angles and intensities
• Planning for organ motion management
• Establishing position verification protocols

Simulation and Preparation

The simulation phase is crucial for ensuring treatment accuracy. During this stage, patients undergo a simulation session where:

• Position immobilization devices are custom-created for each patient, ensuring exact reproducibility of positioning for each treatment session. These devices might include specialized masks, body molds, or other positioning aids depending on the treatment area.
• Treatment positions are carefully documented and verified using advanced imaging systems. Our team performs multiple checks to ensure that the planned treatment can be delivered precisely as intended.

Treatment Delivery

The actual treatment delivery process is highly sophisticated and precisely controlled. Each session typically follows this sequence:

1. Patient positioning using advanced imaging guidance
2. Real-time position verification
3. Beam delivery with continuous monitoring
4. Post-treatment position verification
5. Daily documentation and review

Most treatment courses last between 4-8 weeks, with sessions scheduled 5 days per week. Each session typically takes 15-30 minutes, though the exact duration depends on the complexity of the treatment plan.

Proton therapy at APCC is designed to minimize side effects while maximizing treatment effectiveness. Our comprehensive approach to side effect management involves proactive monitoring, immediate intervention when needed, and ongoing support throughout the treatment journey.

Understanding Side Effects

While proton therapy generally causes fewer side effects than traditional radiation therapy, some patients may experience mild to moderate effects depending on the treatment area and dose. These effects are carefully monitored and managed by our expert team. Common effects might include mild skin reactions, temporary fatigue, or localized inflammation in the treatment area.

Proactive Management Approach

Our side effect management strategy begins before treatment starts, with detailed patient education and preparation. During treatment, our team conducts regular assessments to identify and address any emerging issues promptly. This includes:

• Daily monitoring of treatment areas
• Weekly physician reviews
• Regular quality of life assessments
• Nutritional status evaluation
• Psychological well-being checks

Comprehensive Support Services

To ensure optimal patient comfort and recovery, we provide:

• Dedicated nursing support for symptom management
• Nutritional counseling tailored to individual needs
• Physical therapy when appropriate
• Psychological support services
• Regular support group sessions

The determination of patient eligibility for proton therapy at APCC involves a thorough and multifaceted evaluation process. Our expert team considers numerous factors to ensure that each patient receives the most appropriate and effective treatment for their specific condition.

Comprehensive Evaluation Process

The eligibility assessment begins with a detailed review of the patient's medical history, current condition, and previous treatments. Our multidisciplinary team evaluates various factors including:

Clinical factors:

• Cancer type and stage
• Tumor location and characteristics
• Overall health status
• Previous treatment responses
• Potential for combined therapies

Personal considerations:

• Quality of life goals
• Treatment preferences
• Support system availability
• Travel and accommodation capabilities
• Financial considerations

Individual Case Assessment

Each case is reviewed by our multidisciplinary tumor board, which includes radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and other relevant specialists. This comprehensive review ensures that proton therapy is indeed the optimal treatment choice for each patient.

Treatment Planning Considerations

Once initial eligibility is established, our team conducts detailed treatment planning assessments to determine the technical feasibility of proton therapy for each case. This includes evaluation of:

Anatomical considerations:

• Tumor accessibility
• Proximity to critical structures
• Organ motion management requirements
• Treatment positioning options
• Required margin considerations

The final determination of eligibility takes into account all these factors, ensuring that each patient who receives proton therapy at APCC has the highest possibility of achieving optimal treatment outcomes while maintaining quality of life throughout their cancer journey.

APCC is committed to making advanced proton therapy accessible to patients worldwide. We provide comprehensive financial counseling and support to help patients understand and manage treatment costs.

Breast Oncology

At APCC, our breast oncology program combines proton therapy with comprehensive care protocols to deliver superior treatment outcomes. Our approach focuses on precise tumor targeting while protecting the heart and lungs, particularly crucial for left-sided breast cancers. The program incorporates advanced imaging and treatment planning systems to ensure optimal coverage while preserving healthy tissue.

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Gastrointestinal Oncology

Our gastrointestinal oncology program specializes in treating complex GI cancers with unprecedented precision. Utilizing proton therapy's unique properties, we deliver highly focused radiation to tumors while protecting surrounding organs. This approach has revolutionized treatment for liver, pancreatic, and other GI cancers, offering new hope for challenging cases.

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Gynecological Oncology

The gynecological oncology program at APCC offers advanced treatment options for women with reproductive system cancers. Our proton therapy protocols provide precise targeting of gynecological tumors while minimizing radiation exposure to nearby critical structures. This approach has shown remarkable success in treating cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers.

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Head & Neck Oncology

Our specialized head and neck program utilizes proton therapy's precision to treat complex cancers in anatomically challenging areas. The ability to precisely control radiation delivery helps preserve critical functions like swallowing and speech. Our approach has demonstrated superior outcomes in treating various head and neck cancers.

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Neuro Oncology

APCC's neuro-oncology program employs advanced proton therapy techniques for treating brain and spine tumors. Our precision approach allows for optimal tumor targeting while protecting critical neural structures. This program has shown particular success in treating both primary brain tumors and metastases.

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Pediatric Oncology

Our pediatric oncology program is specifically designed to address the unique needs of children with cancer. Proton therapy's ability to minimize radiation exposure to healthy tissue is particularly crucial for growing bodies. Our child-friendly approach combines technical excellence with compassionate care.

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Thoracic Oncology

The thoracic oncology program specializes in treating lung and chest cancers with remarkable precision. Our proton therapy protocols allow for accurate tumor targeting while protecting critical structures like the heart and healthy lung tissue. This program has shown significant success in treating both early and advanced-stage lung cancers.

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Uro Oncology

Our uro-oncology program offers sophisticated treatment options for genitourinary cancers. Proton therapy's precision is particularly beneficial in treating prostate cancer, allowing for high-dose treatment while protecting nearby structures. This approach has demonstrated excellent outcomes with reduced side effects.

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Bone & Soft Tissue Oncology

APCC's bone and soft tissue program provides specialized treatment for sarcomas and other musculoskeletal tumors. Our proton therapy protocols offer precise targeting of these often challenging-to-treat cancers while protecting surrounding healthy tissues. This program has shown particular success in treating tumors in sensitive locations.

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With its state-of-the-art technology and expert care teams, APCC stands committed to redefining cancer care and providing hope to millions worldwide. The centre's focus on precision, personalization, and comprehensive care makes it a leading destination for advanced cancer treatment.